Results for 'A. Rodney Wellens'

966 found
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  1.  2
    An analysis of two quantitative theories of cognitive balance.A. Rodney Wellens & Donald L. Thistlethwaite - 1971 - Psychological Review 78 (2):141-150.
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  2. Intelligence without representation.Rodney A. Brooks - 1991 - Artificial Intelligence 47 (1--3):139-159.
    Artificial intelligence research has foundered on the issue of representation. When intelligence is approached in an incremental manner, with strict reliance on interfacing to the real world through perception and action, reliance on representation disappears. In this paper we outline our approach to incrementally building complete intelligent Creatures. The fundamental decomposition of the intelligent system is not into independent information processing units which must interface with each other via representations. Instead, the intelligent system is decomposed into independent and parallel activity (...)
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  3.  76
    A robot that walks; emergent behaviors from a carefully evolved network.Rodney A. Brooks - unknown
    Most animals have significant behavioral expertise built in without having to explicitly learn it all from scratch. This expertise is a product of evolution of the organism; it can be viewed as a very long term form of learning which provides a structured system within which individuals might learn more specialized skills or abilities. This paper suggests one possible mechanism for analagous robot evolution by describing a carefully designed series of networks, each one being a strict augmentation of the previous (...)
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  4.  39
    Rodney A. Clifton 25.Rodney A. Clifton - forthcoming - Journal of Thought.
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  5. New Approaches to Robotics.Rodney A. Brooks - unknown
    In order to build autonomous robots that can carry out useful work in unstructured environments new approaches have been developed to building intelligent systems. The relationship to traditional academic robotics and traditional artificial intelligence is examined. In the new approaches a tight coupling of sensing to action produces architectures for intelligence that are networks of simple computational elements which are quite broad, but not very deep. Recent work within this approach has demonstrated the use of representations, expectations, plans, goals, and (...)
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  6.  12
    Symbolic reasoning among 3-D models and 2-D images.Rodney A. Brooks - 1981 - Artificial Intelligence 17 (1-3):285-348.
  7.  48
    From Earwigs to Humans.Rodney A. Brooks - unknown
    Both direct, and evolved, behavior-based approaches to mobile robots have yielded a number of interesting demonstrations of robots that navigate, map, plan and operate in the real world. The work can best be described as attempts to emulate insect level locomotion and navigation, with very little work on behavior-based non-trivial manipulation of the world. There have been some behavior-based attempts at exploring social interactions, but these too have been modeled after the sorts of social interactions we see in insects. But (...)
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  8.  71
    How to build complete creatures rather than isolated cognitive simulators.Rodney A. Brooks - unknown
    Artificial Intelligence as a discipline has gotten bogged down in subproblems of intelligence. These subproblems are the result of applying reductionist methods to the goal of creating a complete artificial thinking mind. In Brooks (1987) 1 have argued that these methods will lead us to solving irrelevant problems; interesting as intellectual puzzles, but useless in the long run for creating an artificial being.
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  9.  28
    Toward interventions to address moral distress: Navigating structure and agency.L. C. Musto, P. A. Rodney & R. Vanderheide - 2015 - Nursing Ethics 22 (1):91-102.
  10.  95
    Artificial life and real robots.Rodney A. Brooks - unknown
    The first part of this paper explores the general issues in using Artificial Life techniques to program actual mobile robots. In particular it explores the difficulties inherent in transferring programs evolved in a simulated environment to run on an actual robot. It examines the dual evolution of organism morphology and nervous systems in biology. It proposes techniques to capture some of the search space pruning that dual evolution offers in the domain of robot programming. It explores the relationship between robot (...)
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  11.  60
    Highness and bounding minimal pairs.Rodney G. Downey, Steffen Lempp & Richard A. Shore - 1993 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 39 (1):475-491.
  12.  53
    Learning to coordinate behaviors.Rodney A. Brooks - unknown
    We describe an algorithm which allows a behavior-based robot to learn on the basis of positive and negative feedback when to activate its behaviors. In accordance with the philosophy of behavior-based robots, the algorithm is completely distributed: each of the behaviors independently tries to find out (i) whether it is relevant (ie. whether it is at all correlated to positive feedback) and (ii) what the conditions are under which it becomes reliable (i.e. the conditions under which i t maximizes the (...)
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  13.  29
    Integrated systems based on behaviors.Rodney A. Brooks - unknown
    Behavior based systems require an orthogonal view of integration issues. In this paper we highlight those issues, discuss what is easy, what is hard, and where the research frontiers lie.
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  14. The intelligent room project.Rodney A. Brooks - unknown
    At the MIT Arti cial Intelligence Laboratory we have been working on technologies for an Intelligent Room. Rather than pull people into the virtual world of the computer we are trying to pull the computer out into the real world of people. To do this we are combining robotics and vision technology with speech understanding systems, and agent based architectures to provide ready at hand computation and information services for people engaged in day to day activities, both on their own (...)
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  15.  81
    Alternative Essences of Intelligence.Rodney A. Brooks - unknown
    We present a novel methodology for building humanlike artificially intelligent systems. We take as a model the only existing systems which are universally accepted as intelligent: humans. We emphasize building intelligent systems which are not masters of a single domain, but, like humans, are adept at performing a variety of complex tasks in the real world. Using evidence from cognitive science and neuroscience, we suggest four alternative essences of intelligence to those held by classical AI. These are the parallel themes (...)
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  16.  57
    Technologies for Human/Humanoid Natural Interactions.Rodney A. Brooks - unknown
    There are a number of reasons to be interested in building humanoid robots. They include (1) since almost all human artifacts have been designed to easy for humans to interact with, humanoid robots provide backward compatibility with the existing human constructed world, (2) humanoid robots provide a natural form for humans to operate through telepresence since they have the same kinematic design as humans themselves, (3) by building humanoid robots that model humans directly they will be a useful tool in (...)
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  17.  49
    Fast, Cheap & Out of Control.Rodney A. Brooks - 1999 - Sony Pictures Classics Weta-Tv.
    Complex systems and complex missions take years of planning and force launches to become incredibly expensive. The longer the planning and the more expensive the mission, the more catastrophic if it fails. The solution has always been to plan better, add redundancy, test thoroughly and use high quality components. Based on our experience in building ground based mobile robots (legged and wheeled) we argue here for cheap, fast missions using large numbers of mass produced simple autonomous robots that are small (...)
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  18.  60
    Prospects for human level intelligence for humanoid robots.Rodney A. Brooks - unknown
    Both direct, and evolved, behavior-based approaches to mobile robots have yielded a number of interesting demonstrations of robots that navigate, map, plan and operate in the real world. The work can best be described as attempts to emulate insect level locomotion and navigation, with very little work on behavior-based non-trivial manipulation of the world. There have been some behavior-based attempts at exploring social interactions, but these too have been modeled after the sorts of social interactions we see in insects. But (...)
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  19.  68
    The role of learning in autonomous robots.Rodney A. Brooks - unknown
    Applications of learning to autonomous agents (simulated or real) have often been restricted to learning a mapping from perceived state of the world to the next action to take. Often this is couched in terms of learning from no previous knowledge. This general case for real autonomous robots is very difficult. In any case, when building a real robot there is usually a lot of a priori knowledge (e.g., from the engineering that went into its design) which doesn’t need to (...)
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  20.  38
    Twilight zones and cornerstones.Rodney A. Brooks & Anita M. Flynn - unknown
    We want to build tiny gnat-sized robots, a millimeter or two in diameter. They will be cheap, disposable, totally sefcontained autonomous agents able to do useful things in the world. This paper consists of two parts. The first describes why we want to build them. The second is a technical outline of how to go about it. Gnat robots are going to change the world.
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  21.  56
    Visually-guided obstacle avoidance in unstructured environments.Rodney A. Brooks & Liana M. Lorigo - unknown
    This paper presents an autonomous vision-based obstacle avoidance system. The system consists of three independent vision modules for obstacle detection, each of which is computationally simple and uses a di erent criterion for detection purposes. These criteria are based on brightness gradients, RGB Red, Green, Blue color, and HSV Hue, Saturation, Value color, respectively. Selection of which modules are used to command the robot proceeds exclusively from the outputs of the modules themselves. The system is implemented on a small monocular (...)
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  22.  36
    Seeing Ourselves as Moral Agents in Relation to Our Organizational and Sociopolitical Contexts: Commentary on “A Reflection on Moral Distress in Nursing Together With a Current Application of the Concept” by Andrew Jameton.Patricia A. Rodney - 2013 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 10 (3):313-315.
  23.  30
    Countable thin Π01 classes.Douglas Cenzer, Rodney Downey, Carl Jockusch & Richard A. Shore - 1993 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 59 (2):79-139.
    Cenzer, D., R. Downey, C. Jockusch and R.A. Shore, Countable thin Π01 classes, Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 59 79–139. A Π01 class P {0, 1}ω is thin if every Π01 subclass of P is the intersection of P with some clopen set. Countable thin Π01 classes are constructed having arbitrary recursive Cantor- Bendixson rank. A thin Π01 class P is constructed with a unique nonisolated point A and furthermore A is of degree 0’. It is shown that no (...)
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  24.  20
    Fixed-parameter tractability and completeness IV: On completeness for W[P] and PSPACE analogues.Karl A. Abrahamson, Rodney G. Downey & Michael R. Fellows - 1995 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 73 (3):235-276.
    We describe new results in parametrized complexity theory. In particular, we prove a number of concrete hardness results for W[P], the top level of the hardness hierarchy introduced by Downey and Fellows in a series of earlier papers. We also study the parametrized complexity of analogues of PSPACE via certain natural problems concerning k-move games. Finally, we examine several aspects of the structural complexity of W [P] and related classes. For instance, we show that W[P] can be characterized in terms (...)
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  25. Decomposition and infima in the computably enumerable degrees.Rodney G. Downey, Geoffrey L. Laforte & Richard A. Shore - 2003 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 68 (2):551-579.
    Given two incomparable c.e. Turing degrees a and b, we show that there exists a c.e. degree c such that c = (a ⋃ c) ⋂ (b ⋃ c), a ⋃ c | b ⋃ c, and c < a ⋃ b.
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  26.  20
    Facilitation of human operant responding by stimuli which precede aversive events.Rodney A. Poetter & Paul Lewis - 1972 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 95 (2):382.
  27. Di pietro) 410.J. A. De Vito, P. H. Reaney, Claude Lapointe, Rodney D. Huddleston, Giorgio Tagliacozzo & Hayden V. White - 1973 - Foundations of Language 9:444.
  28.  23
    Moving from conceptual ambiguity to knowledgeable action: using a critical realist approach to studying moral distress.Lynn C. Musto & Patricia A. Rodney - 2016 - Nursing Philosophy 17 (2):75-87.
    Moral distress is a phenomenon that has been receiving increasing attention in nursing and other health care disciplines. Moral distress is a concept that entered the nursing literature – and subsequently the health care ethics lexicon – in 1984 as a result of the work done by American philosopher and bioethicist Andrew Jameton. Over the past decade, research into moral distress has extended beyond the profession of nursing as other health care disciplines have come to question the impact of moral (...)
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  29.  62
    Quantifying the aesthetic outcomes of breast cancer treatment: assessment of surgical scars from clinical photographs.Min Soon Kim, William N. Rodney, Gregory P. Reece, Elisabeth K. Beahm, Melissa A. Crosby & Mia K. Markey - 2011 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 17 (6):1075-1082.
  30.  53
    Small planetary rovers.Colin M. Angle & Rodney A. Brooks - unknown
    We have previously built a small IKg ([Angle 89] and [Brooks 89]) six legged walking robot named Genghis. It was remarkably successful as a testbed to develop walking and learning algorithms. It encouraged us to build a more fully engineered robot with higher performance. We are building two copies of the robot, both 1.6Kg in mass. Their generic name is Attila. Attila has 24 actuators and over 150 sensors, all connected via a local network (the I2C bus) to 11 onboard (...)
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  31.  21
    Least Worst Death--Essays in Bioethics at the End of Life.Margaret Pabst Battin & Rodney A. Syme - 1996 - Bioethics 10 (1):79-79.
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  32.  39
    Exploring the Ethics and Economics of Global Labor Standards.Rodney Stevenson - 2003 - Business Ethics Quarterly 13 (2):193-220.
    The challenge that confronts corporate decision-makers in connection with global labor conditions is often in identifying the standardsby which they should govern themselves. In an effort to provide greater direction in the face of possible global cultural conflicts, ethicistsThomas Donaldson and Thomas Dunfee draw on social contract theory to develop a method for identifying basic human rights: Integrated Social Contract Theory (ISCT). In this paper, we apply ISCT to the challenge of global labor standards, attempting to identify labor rights that (...)
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  33.  42
    Ethnomethodology, consciousness and self.Rodney Watson - 1998 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 5 (2):202-223.
    In this paper I shall outline the approach to consciousness adopted by ethnomethodology and its `associate'conversation analysis. I shall attempt to do this by taking a minimalist stance, namely a basic formulation of the elements of these approaches, trying to strip away the ornate superstructures which have been erected upon that basis. I shall proceed in two ways. First, I shall seek to define ethnomethodology and conversation analysis by contrasting them to varying degrees with a variety of other approaches: symbolic (...)
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  34.  54
    The emergence of private authority in global governance.Rodney Bruce Hall & Thomas J. Biersteker (eds.) - 2002 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    The emergence of private authority has become a feature of the post-Cold War world. The contributors to this volume examine the implications of this erosion of the power of the state for global governance. They analyse actors as diverse as financial institutions, multinational corporations, religious terrorists and organised criminals. The themes of the book relate directly to debates concerning globalization and the role of international law, and will be of interest to scholars and students of international relations, politics, sociology and (...)
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  35.  42
    Adaptively Rational Learning.Sarah Wellen & David Danks - 2016 - Minds and Machines 26 (1-2):87-102.
    Research on adaptive rationality has focused principally on inference, judgment, and decision-making that lead to behaviors and actions. These processes typically require cognitive representations as input, and these representations must presumably be acquired via learning. Nonetheless, there has been little work on the nature of, and justification for, adaptively rational learning processes. In this paper, we argue that there are strong reasons to believe that some learning is adaptively rational in the same way as judgment and decision-making. Indeed, overall adaptive (...)
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  36.  36
    Models of Brain Function.Rodney M. J. Cotterill (ed.) - 1989 - Cambridge University Press.
    This is an exciting time for brain science. Recent progress has been such that it now seems realistic to look toward an explanation of mind in terms of the brain's anatomy and physiology. Models based on artificially symmetrical arrays of idealized neurons are now being superseded by ones which properly take into account the brain's actual circuitry. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the current state of brain modeling, containing contributions from many leading researchers in this field. It will (...)
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  37.  7
    Improving the Odds: Raising the Class.Rodney Larson - 2006 - R&L Education.
    Improving the Odds: Raising the Class is a book aimed at legislators, school administrators, home school advocates, and college and university professors which examines the education system and provides a paradigm for improvement. The aim of this book is to find simple ways to approach improving the school system in America based on a belief that we need to build a system that has improvement built into the process of training and educating both teacher and students.
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  38.  12
    Economics, ethics, and religion: Jewish, Christian, and Muslim economic thought.Rodney Wilson - 1997 - New York: New York University Press.
    "Written in a racy, persuasive style, the book impresses the reader as a work of significant scholarship...I encourage students of comparative religions- and especially those of Islamic economics- to read it with great care."&$151; Islamic Studies The worlds of economics and theology rarely intersect. The former appears occupied exclusively with the concrete equations of supply and demand, while the latter revolves largely around the less tangible concerns of the soul and spirit. Intended as an interfaith clarification of the relationship between (...)
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  39.  27
    Enchanted Looms: Conscious Networks in Brains and Computers.Rodney Cotterill - 1998 - Cambridge University Press.
    The title of this book was inspired by a passage in Charles Sherrington's Man on his Nature.
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  40. ETHICS OR CORRUPTION? Building a Landscape for Ethics Training in Central and Southeastern Europe.Rodney Erakovich, Dragoljub Kavran & Sherman M. Wyman - forthcoming - Ethics.
     
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  41.  14
    Pilgrimage In The Celtic Christian Tradition.Rodney Aist - 2017 - Perichoresis 15 (1):3-19.
    This papers explores the diversity of pilgrim expressions in the Celtic Christian sources, focusing largely upon scriptural and theological images-namely, the image of Jerusalem, the example of Abraham, and journey as a metaphor for the earthly life. Discussion on Celtic interest in Jerusalem will focus on the text, De locis sanctis, by Adomnán of Iona. Central to Abrahamic pilgrimage is the ideal of being a stranger, foreigner, exile and alien in the world. Columbanus and Columba are both described as pilgrims (...)
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  42.  20
    The Birth of a New Political Philosophy: Religion and Positivism in Nineteenth-Century Brazil.Rodney Rhodes Gollo - 2012 - In Gregory Gilson & Irving Levinson (eds.), Latin American Positivism: New Historical and Philosophic Essays. Lexington Books.
  43.  7
    An Economic Philosophy of Production, Work and Consumption: A Transhistorical Framework.Rodney Edvinsson - 2022 - Routledge Studies in the History of Economics.
    This book presents a new transhistorical framework of defining production, work and consumption. It shows that they all share the common feature of intentional physical transformation of something external to the agent, at some point in time.
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  44.  22
    Jeremiah 17:5–11.Rodney S. Salder - 2004 - Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 58 (1):59-61.
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  45.  11
    Black Swan Lake: Life of a Wetland.Rodney James Giblett - 2013 - Intellect.
    Presenting a wetlands calendar that charts the yearly cycle of the rising, falling, and drying waters of this internationally significant wetland, this book is a modern-day Walden.
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  46.  73
    The complexity of orbits of computably enumerable sets.Peter A. Cholak, Rodney Downey & Leo A. Harrington - 2008 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 14 (1):69 - 87.
    The goal of this paper is to announce there is a single orbit of the c.e. sets with inclusion, ε, such that the question of membership in this orbit is ${\Sigma _1^1 }$ -complete. This result and proof have a number of nice corollaries: the Scott rank of ε is $\omega _1^{{\rm{CK}}}$ + 1; not all orbits are elementarily definable; there is no arithmetic description of all orbits of ε; for all finite α ≥ 9, there is a properly $\Delta (...)
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  47.  11
    Adorno: A Biography.Rodney Livingstone - 2009 - Polity.
    'Even the biographical individual is a social category', wrote Adorno. 'It can only be defined in a living context together with others.' In this major new biography, Stefan Muller-Doohm turns this maxim back on Adorno himself and provides a rich and comprehensive account of the life and work of one of the most brilliant minds of the twentieth century. This authoritative biography ranges across the whole of Adorno's life and career, from his childhood and student years to his years in (...)
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  48.  39
    Asymptotic density and computably enumerable sets.Rodney G. Downey, Carl G. Jockusch & Paul E. Schupp - 2013 - Journal of Mathematical Logic 13 (2):1350005.
    We study connections between classical asymptotic density, computability and computable enumerability. In an earlier paper, the second two authors proved that there is a computably enumerable set A of density 1 with no computable subset of density 1. In the current paper, we extend this result in three different ways: The degrees of such sets A are precisely the nonlow c.e. degrees. There is a c.e. set A of density 1 with no computable subset of nonzero density. There is a (...)
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  49.  23
    Are Business Ethics Effective? A Market Failures Approach to Impact Investing.Rodney Schmidt - 2023 - Journal of Business Ethics 184 (2):505-524.
    We evaluate the effectiveness of impact investing from the perspective of the market failures approach (MFA) to business ethics. Under the MFA, businesses are ethically obligated to contribute to market efficiency by mitigating market failures. The MFA ethics literature emphasizes a negative externality interpretation of market failures, with ethical practice as self-regulation. We argue that the MFA also obligates businesses, and investors, to produce positive externalities, a form of private provision of public goods. We develop a graphical MFA ethical framework (...)
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  50.  14
    Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Partnering with Patients to Bridge Gaps in Consent for Acute Care Research”.Neal W. Dickert, A. Michelle Bernard, JoAnne M. Brabson, Rodney J. Hunter, Regina McLemore, Andrea R. Mitchell, Stephen Palmer, Barbara Reed, Michele Riedford, Raymond T. Simpson, Candace D. Speight, Tracie Steadman & Rebecca D. Pentz - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (8):W12-W13.
    Volume 20, Issue 8, August 2020, Page W12-W13.
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